INTEGRATING ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS TO EXPLAIN CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN THE FIELD OF SAFETY IN THE NICKEL MINING INDUSTRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61397/mfc.v4i1.586Keywords:
Perceived Leadership Support, Safety Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence, safety citizenship behavior, Nickel MiningAbstract
The mining industry is one of the sectors with the highest level of occupational safety risk. The high potential for work accidents causes occupational safety and health to become a priority strategy in company management. This study aims to analyze the role of organizational and individual factors in explaining Safety Citizenship Behavior among employees in the nickel mining industry by integrating Perceived Leadership Support, Emotional Intelligence, and Safety Satisfaction on Safety Citizenship Behavior into the research model. This study uses a quantitative method. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to employees of PT. ABC, a nickel mining company in Southeast Sulawesi. The questionnaire consists of a measurement scale that has been validated and adapted from previous studies. The collected data will be analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS 3 to assess the measurement model and test the proposed structural relationships between constructs. The results show that perception, perceived leadership support, emotional intelligence, and safety satisfaction have a positive influence on safety citizenship behavior. Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between perception, perceived leadership support and safety citizenship behavior.
References
Addo, S. A., & Dartey-Baah, K. (2020). Leadership in the safety sense: Where does perceived organisational support fit? Journal of Management Development, 39(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2019-0136
Adra, I., Leka, S., & Hardy, C. (2026). Defining safety leadership: A qualitative exploration of senior leaders’ perspectives in high-risk industries. 198(November 2025).
Al-madadha, A., & Al-adwan, A. S. (2025). How emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence foster employee engagement and organizational success. 734–753. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-02-2025-0064
Alsulami, H., Serbaya, S. H., Rizwan, A., Saleem, M., Maleh, Y., & Alamgir, Z. (2023). Impact of emotional intelligence on the stress and safety of construction workers in Saudi Arabia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(4), 1365–1378. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-06-2021-0481
Bennouna, A., Boughaba, A., Djabou, S., & Mouda, M. (2025). Enhancing workplace well-being: Unveiling the dynamics of leader-member exchange and worker safety behavior through psychological safety and job satisfaction. Safety and Health at Work, 16(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.11.003
Biswas, D. D. (2025). Perceived authentic leadership style and the resource spiral: Unlocking employee well-being through support and balance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 46(6), 926–942. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2025-0403
Bui, H. T. T., Vu, X. T. M., & Tran, A. D. (2026). The moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, innovative work behavior, and employee performance in commercial banks in Vietnam. Human Systems Management, 45(3), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/01672533251369706
Cheah, W. L., Giloi, N., Chang, C. T., & Lim, J. F. (2012). The perception, level of safety satisfaction and safety feedback on occupational safety and health management among hospital staff nurses in Sabah State Health Department. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 19(3), 57–63.
Curcuruto, M., Conchie, S. M., & Griffin, M. A. (2019). Safety citizenship behavior (SCB) in the workplace: A stable construct? Analysis of psychometric invariance across four European countries. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 129, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.023
Dodoo, J. E., Surienty, L., & Al-Samarraie, H. (2023). The influence of learning-oriented leadership for promoting future-directed workplace safety in the mining industry. Safety Science, 159.
Franke, G., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). Heuristics versus statistics in discriminant validity testing: A comparison of four procedures. Internet Research, 29(3), 430–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0515
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Evaluation of the structural model. In Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R. Springer.
Hofmann, D., Morgeson, F. P., & Gerras, S. J. (2003). Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and content-specific citizenship: Safety climate as an exemplar. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.170
Huang, W., Zhong, D., & Chen, Y. (2024). The relationship between construction workers’ emotional intelligence and safety performance. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2023-0747
Huc, M., Bush, K., Berrigan, L., Cox, S., & Jaworska, N. (2025). The influence of emotional intelligence on facial expression processing in males and females with and without psychiatric illnesses. Personality and Individual Differences, 237, 113040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2025.113040
Kadher, Y., Alzubi, A., Berberoğlu, A., & Öz, T. (2024). Perceived leadership support, safety citizenship, and employee safety behavior in the construction industry: The role of safety learning. Buildings, 14(10), 3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103260
Konecna, L., Lisa, E., & Cirikova, V. (2026). The role of leadership in shaping psychological safety: A qualitative study from Slovakia. Scientific Reports, 16, 7249, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38706-1
Lei, T., Li, J., Yan, Y., & Yu, Y. (2026). Research on influence mechanism of frontline miners’ job characteristics on safety citizenship behavior in intelligent coal mines. Systems, 14(3), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14030236
Meng, Q., Liu, W., Li, Z., Chong, H.-Y., & Li, K. (2026). Mindful leadership and construction workers’ safety citizenship behavior: A moderated mediation model of team psychological safety, participative safety self-efficacy, and leader–member exchange. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 152(2), 4025244. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-16806
Milosevic, I., Stojanovi, A., Nikoli, Đ., Mihajlovic, I., Brkic, A., Perisic, M., & Spasojevic-Brkic, V. (2025). Occupational health and safety performance in a changing mining environment: Identification of critical factors. Safety Science, 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106745
Mohammed, G., Naji, A., Shahrul, A., Isha, N., Saleem, M. S., & Iskandar, Y. H. P. (2026). Modeling the relationship between safety culture and safety performance in oil and gas using. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1811857
Moserle, G., Foti, G., Finstad, G. L., Bazzoli, A., Curcuruto, M., & Morgan, J. (2024). Prosocial behavior and workplace safety: Analysis of the role of emotional intelligence and perceived organizational support in two UK and US samples. Sustainability, 16.
Ning, X., Zhai, F., Xia, N., & Hu, X. (2024). Protecting the ego: Anticipated image risk as a psychological deterrent to construction workers’ safety citizenship behavior. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 150(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-13850
Pilar, F.-C., Enache-Zegheru, M., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2021). Enhancing team performance: A multilevel model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125158
Putri, A. R. (2025). The analysis of transformational leadership of student organization on organizational citizenship behavior through person-organization fit and emotional intelligence as mediation variables. International Journal of Review of Management Business and Entrepreneurship (RMBE), 5(1), 82–97.
Qin, W., Li, J., & Yu, M. (2026). Promote or inhibit? The impact of felt accountability on coal miners’ safety citizenship behavior for sustainable safety management. Sustainability, 18(9), 4199. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094199
Qu, S., Teng, Y., Zhang, Q., & Wang, C. (2025). Mechanisms of influence of abusive supervision on employees’ unsafe production based on exchange theory and social cognitive theory. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 31(4), 1178–1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2025.2481690
Quansah, P. E., Zhu, Y., & Obeng, A. F. (2021). Assessment of the effects of supervisor behaviour, safety motivation and perceived job insecurity on underground miners’ safety citizenship behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-08-2020-0361
Ratcharak, P. (2025). Leadership dynamics in health care crises: The impact of initiating structure and consideration behaviors on safety climate in public hospitals. Health Care Management Review, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000444
Samu, J., Yang, C., & Winter, S. R. (2025). Assessing the role of emotional intelligence in risk behavior across safety-critical environments: A systematic review. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101627
Santa, R., Moros, A., Morante, D., Rodrı, D., & Scavarda, A. (2023). The impact of emotional intelligence on operational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership. PLOS ONE, 18(8), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284752
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 1–47). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2
Sun, R., Geng, X., & Wang, Y. (2025). Identifying key influencing factors on coal mine safety sign effectiveness and their paths of action using a fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM model. Work, 82(3), 871–894. https://doi.org/10.1177/10519815251351606
Wang, X., Zhang, C., Deng, J., Su, C., & Gao, Z. (2022). Analysis of factors influencing miners’ unsafe behaviors in intelligent mines using a novel hybrid MCDM model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127368
Yang, C., Xu, S., Xie, X., Li, Y., Ji, M., & You, X. (2026). Leadership, safety climate, and neuroticism: Integrating organizational and individual factors into the prediction of air technicians’ safety behaviors. Journal of Air Transport Management, 131, 102928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102928
Yang, J., Fang, J., Xie, L., Liu, Q., Li, H., & Cui, C. (2026). Influencing mechanism of miners’ safety citizenship behavior from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior. Scientific Reports, 16, 20634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50086-0
Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Chu, Z., et al. (2023). The influence mechanism of owners’ safety management behavior on construction workers’ safety citizenship behavior. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090721
Zhang, S., Hua, X., Huang, G., & Shi, X. (2022). How does leadership in safety management affect employees’ safety performance? A case study from mining enterprises in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10).
Zhu, J., Wang, X., Yang, L., Qin, Z., Geng, J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Research on the construction of a comprehensive evaluation model of psychological factors in coal mine workers’ safety: Investigation and analysis of 1,500 miners in East China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 849733. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849733
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Almansyah Rundu Wonua, Phradiansah Phradiansah, Yul Kusmawati Tamrin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






